How Do Hormones Effect Your Body?
Hormones are powerful substances. Even in very small quantities, they can have a profound effect on the body. Therefore, the body that exercises tight control over the amount of hormones they produce. This is achieved by several mechanisms. First, the pituitary gland that produces hormones that regulate other glands. By increasing or reducing the amount of these regulating hormones may control the functioning of the pituitary gland.
For example, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) increases the activity of the thyroid, causing it to produce and release more thyroid hormone. More TSH to stimulate thyroid gland to increased activity, while small amounts of thyroid TSH will slow.
Pituitary gland in the regulation in accordance with the second gland - the hypothalamus. In the case of the thyroid, the hypothalamus produces a substance called thyrotropin realeasing hormone (TRH), which regulates the TSH is the pituitary gland. Thus, TRH stimulates the pituitary gland, which releases TSH, which in turn stimulates the thyroid. Similar to regulate the matter, the hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland in relation to other activities. In the case of estrogen and progesterone (and testosterone in men), this substance called gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
The hypothalamus is under the direct control of the brain. In fact it is a part of the brain that specializes in endocrine function. Thus, the brain and the nervous system are ultimately in control of hormone release and production. This is why your mental and emotional state can have a strong effect on hormone balance and metabolism.
In addition to the brain, each hormone has an ability to regulate its own production. This mechanism is known as negative feedback. Again, I will use the thyroid hormone as an example. As the thyroid hormone is released into the blood, it circulates throughout the body, eventually finding its way to the pituitary and the hypothalamus. Like all the other cells in the body, the cells of these glands have thyroid receptors. As these receptors become more activated, they convey the message that there are increasingly greater amounts of the thyroid hormone present in the circulation. This results in the decreased production of both the TRH and TSH, which leads to lower activity of the thyroid gland.
If the pituitary and hypothalamic receptors do not 'see' enough thyroid hormone, a message is sent to produce more TRH and TSH. A similar feedback loop exists for most hormones in the body.
The glands and hormones are programmed to work harmoniously with one another to make sure the body functions properly. In some cases, the hormones or gland do not perform correctly. Thankfully, the medical community has developed therapies and drug treatments to assist with many of these deficiencies and help improve performance of the glands and hormones.
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